Effects of periodized versus non-periodized stretch training programs on morphological flexibility adaptations and muscle performance in artistic gymnasts

Abstract

Static Stretching (SS) is a popular technique performed to increase joint range of motion (ROM). Therefore, increases in joint ROM after long-term SS programs may be attributed to morphological adaptations. Periodized program have been adopted to induce greater adaptations to the neuromuscular system while avoiding overtraining effects. However, the effects of periodized stretch training interventions to investigate long-term stretching adaptations are still unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of a periodized (PD) and non-periodized (NP) programs on flexibility, hamstrings stiffness and muscle performance. Fifteen participants were allocated to either PD or NP SS training programs and tested pre- and post- 8 weeks for jump height, hip flexors, hip extensors and dorsiflexors range of motion (ROM), hamstrings stiffness and hamstrings and quadriceps peak torque (PT). The results demonstrated that both PD and NP stretch training programs similarly increased joint flexibility, hamstrings PT and jump height, and decreased hamstrings stiffness. However, PD elicited overall greater flexibility compared to the NP. Therefore, 8-week PD and NP SS programs can cause morphological adaptations to young gymnasts and increases in muscle performance. However, effect sizes indicate that longer PD stretch training was more advantageous for increasing flexibility and improving muscle performance.