Development of a self-directed learning resource on the prevention, identification, and management of postoperative delirium for nurses working in acute surgical settings

Abstract

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a sudden decline in cognitive function that presents following surgical intervention and may result in confusion, inattention, and agitation. This syndrome is often under-recognized and under-treated in postoperative clinical settings. Contributing to this issue is the lack of formal education for nurses about POD. Purpose: To develop a self-directed learning resource focused on the prevention, identification, and management of POD for nurses working in acute surgical settings. Methods: 1) an integrative literature review, 2) an environmental scan of available resources from hospitals within Atlantic Canada and reputable websites, 3) consultation interviews with key stakeholders, and 4) the development of the self-directed learning resource. Results: Findings from the methods established the need for the learning resource. The literature revealed that POD is a substantial issue and there is a knowledge gap for nurses on this topic. The effectiveness of education programs for nurses, use of validated screening tools, and implementation of prevention and management protocols were also noted. The environmental scan resulted in several reputable online resources that are relevant to POD care. Consultation interviews reinforced the demand for the resource and highlighted the learning needs of the nursing staff. The self-directed learning resource was developed based on these findings. The six modules within the resource are: 1) Overview of POD, 2) Prevention of POD, 3) Early Identification of POD, 4) Management of POD, 5) Patient and Family Education, and 6) Self-Care and Stress Management. Within the modules there are case studies, reflection exercises, documentation tips, and videos about POD. Conclusion: The aim of the learning resource is to educate staff nurses working in postoperative settings so they can provide evidence-informed nursing care. The learning resource will ideally be made available within the organization’s learning management system.